An Introduction to Methodology for TEFL-TESL – روش تدریس

The language teaching profession has witnessed great and drastic changes in the last few decades. The changes that have been rooted in philosophy, linguistics, psychology, pedagogy, and other fields of applied linguistics have influenced theoretical and practical aspects of language education. Philosophically, language teaching once followed the principles of positivistic philosophy. Based on these principles, any human activity was assumed not only to be observable and measurable, but also could be manipulated through certain instructional procedures. Out of this view evolved the psychology of behaviorism according to which language was a kind of human behavior and not different from other human activities. Therefore, the followers of behaviorism assumed that language was …